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OFFICIAL47 In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that “Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region”?

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Roman Cultural Influence on Britain
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After the Roman Empire’s conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., the presence of administrators, merchants, and troops on British soil, along with the natural flow of ideas and goods from the rest of the empire, had an enormous influence on life in the British Isles. Cultural influences were of three types: the bringing of objects, the transfer of craft workers, and the introduction of massive civil architecture. Many objects were not art in even the broadest sense and comprised utilitarian items of clothing, utensils, and equipment. We should not underestimate the social status associated with such mundane possessions which had not previously been available. The flooding of Britain with red-gloss pottery from Gaul (modern-day France), decorated with scenes from Classical mythology, probably brought many into contact with the styles and artistic concepts of the Greco-Roman world for the first time, whether or not the symbolism was understood. Mass-produced goods were accompanied by fewer more aesthetically impressive objects such as statuettes. Such pieces perhaps first came with officials for their own religious worship; others were then acquired by native leaders as diplomatic gifts or by purchase. Once seen by the natives, such objects created a fashion which rapidly spread through the province.

In the most extreme instances, natives literally bought the whole package of Roman culture. The Fishbourne villa, built in the third quarter of the first century A.D., probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates his Roman pretensions. It was constructed in the latest Italian style with imported marbles and stylish mosaics. It was lavishly furnished with imported sculptures and other Classical objects. A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire, not at all provincial in taste. Even if those from the traditional families looked down on him, they would have been unable to dismiss him as uncultured. Although exceptional, this demonstrates how new cultural symbols bound provincials to the identify of the Roman world.

Such examples established a standard to be copied. One result was an influx of craft worker, particularly those skilled in artistic media like stone-carving which had not existed before the conquest. Civilian workers came mostly from Gaul and Germany. The magnificent temple built beside the sacred spring at Bath was constructed only about twenty years after the conquest. Its detail shows that it was carved by artists from northeast Gaul. In the absence of a tradition of Classical stone-carving and building, the desire to develop Roman amenities would have been difficult to fulfill. Administrators thus used their personal contacts to put the Britons in touch with architects and masons. As many of the officials in Britain had strong links with Gaul, it is not surprising that early Roman Britain owes much to craft workers from that area. Local workshops did develop and stylistically similar groups of sculpture show how skills in this new medium became widespread. Likewise skills in the use of mosaic, wall painting, ceramic decoration, and metal-working developed throughout the province with the eventual emergence of characteristically Romano-British styles.

This art had a major impact on the native peoples, and one of the most importance factors was a change in the scale of buildings. Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region . On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities. Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures. The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were modest, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale. But the effect of Roman civil architecture was significant;the sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing. This was an architecture of dominance in which subject peoples were literally made to feel small by buildings that epitomized imperial power. Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm.

8.In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that “Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region”?

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【题目翻译】在第4段中,作者为什么提到“前罗马时期的英国是高度本土化的,人们很少走出自己的地区”? A:建议罗马征服英国提高当地人的生活水平。 B:表明前罗马时代英国对节日和社区生活比征服其他地区更感兴趣。 C:解释为什么这个时期的建筑不是特别大的。 D:说明传统圆屋在罗马民用建筑的影响下是如何演变的。 【判定题型】:根据题干问法“why …… mention”,题目询问“Pre-Roman Britain”(文章引用内容)的修辞目的,可以判断本题为修辞目的题。 【关键词定位】:根据关键词“Pre-Roman Britain ”,定位到Passage 4 第2句,原句为“Pre-Roman Britain was highly localized, with people rarely traveling beyond their own region.On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities.”。 【引用内容分析】原文On occasion large groups amassed for war or religious festivals, but society remained centered on small communities,说明当时建筑比较小的原因是人们活动范围比较小。 【选项分析】 A:建议罗马征服英国提高当地人的生活水平。未提到征服,不符合文意,错误。 B:表明前罗马时代英国对节日和社区生活比征服其他地区更感兴趣。未提到节日和生活地区,不符文意,错误。 C:解释为什么这个时期的建筑不是特别大的。其中:To explain why architecture … not built … large与文章意思相同,正确。 D:说明传统圆屋在罗马民用建筑的影响下是如何演变的。段落主题不是演变过程,不符文意,错误。

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