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OFFICIAL43 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. Alexander the Great’s creation of a vast empire had important consequences for Greece and the conquered areas of southwest Asia

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The Empire Of Alexander The Great
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In 334 B.C. Alexander the Great took his Greek armies to the east and in only a few years completed his creation of an empire out of much of southwest Asia. In the new empire, barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed; markets were put in touch with one another. In the next generation thousands of Greek traders and artisans would enter this wider world to seek their fortunes. Alexander’s actions had several important consequences for the region occupied by the empire.

The first of these was the expansion of Greek civilization throughout the Middle East. Greek became the great international language. Towns and cities were established not only as garrisons (military posts) but as centers for the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought, particularly through libraries, as at Antioch (in modern Turkey) and the most famous of all, at Alexandria in Egypt, which would be the finest in the world for the next thousand years.

Second, this internationalism spelled the end of the classical Greek city-state - the unit of government in ancient Greece - and everything it stood for. Most city-states had been quite small in terms of citizenry, and this was considered to be a good thing. The focus of life was the agora, the open marketplace where assemblies could be held and where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person. The philosopher Plato (428-348 B.C.) felt that the ideal city-state should have about 5,000 citizens, because to the Greeks it was important that everyone in the community should know each other. In decision making, the whole body of citizens together would have the necessary knowledge in order generally to reach the right decision, even though the individual might not be particularly qualified to decide. The philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who lived at a time when the city-state system was declining, believed that a political entity of 100,000 simply would not be able to govern itself.

This implied that the city-state was based on the idea that citizens were not specialists but had multiple interests and talents - each a so-called jack-of-all-trades who could engage in many areas of life and politics. It implied a respect for the wholeness of life and a consequent dislike of specialization. It implied economic and military self-sufficiency. But with the development of trade and commerce in Alexander's empire came the growth of cities; it was no longer possible to be a jack-of-all-trades. One now had to specialize, and with specialization came professionalism. There were getting to be too many persons to know, an easily observable community of interests was being replaced by a multiplicity of interests. The city-state was simply too "small-time".

Third, Greek philosophy was opened up to the philosophy and religion of the East. At the peak of the Greek city-state, religion played an important part. Its gods - such as Zeus, father of the gods, and his wife Hera - were thought of very much as being like human beings but with superhuman abilities. Their worship was linked to the rituals connected with one’s progress through life - birth, marriage, and death -  and with invoking protection against danger, making prophecies, and promoting healing, rather than to any code of behavior. Nor was there much of a theory of afterlife.

Even before Alexander’s time, a life spent in the service of their city-state no longer seemed ideal to Greeks. The Athenian philosopher Socrates (470-399 B.C.) was the first person in Greece to propose a morality based on individual conscience rather than the demands of the state, and for this he was accused of not believing in the city’s gods and so corrupting the youth, and he was condemned to death. Greek philosophy - or even a focus on conscience - might complement religion but was no substitute for it, and this made Greeks receptive to the religious systems of the Middle East, even if they never adopted them completely. The combination of the religious instinct of Asia with the philosophic spirit of Greece spread across the world in the era after Alexander’s death, blending the culture of the Middle East with the culture of Greece.

14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. Alexander the Great’s creation of a vast empire had important consequences for Greece and the conquered areas of southwest Asia

A.Scholars from Antioch, Alexandria, and other Middle Eastern cultural centers came to Greece to study the Greek language and culture

B.Increasing urbanization and the elimination of trade barriers meant the end of the Greek city-state and the creation of a much larger political and economic body

C.The professionalism and specialization so prized by the ancient Greeks were replaced by a more generalized philosophy of education in the empire

D.The expansion of Alexander’s empire led to the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought throughout the Middle East

E.The empire saw the birth of a new culture, merging Greek philosophical ideas with the religious spirit of Asia

F.Religion played an important part in the expansion of the empire, as Alexander introduced Zeus and the other Greek gods to Asia

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正确答案:BDE
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【题目翻译】问题:说明:下面提供了一个简短摘要的介绍性句子。通过选择三个答案选项来完成总结,这些答案选项表达了文章中最重要的观点,有些句子不属于总结,因为它们表达了文章中没有表达的观点或是文章中的次要观点。亚历山大大帝建立了一个庞大的帝国,这对希腊和被征服的东南亚地区有着重要的影响。 A:来自安提俄克、亚历山大和其他中东文化中心的学者来到希腊学习希腊语言和文化。 B:增加城市化和消除贸易壁垒意味着希腊城邦的终结,以及建立一个更大的政治和经济机构。 C:古希腊人如此珍视的专业化和专业化,被帝国更为普遍的教育哲学所取代。 D:亚历山大帝国的扩张导致希腊语言、文学和思想在整个中东地区的传播。 E:帝国见证了一种新文化的诞生,将希腊哲学思想与亚洲的宗教精神融合在一起。 F:亚历山大把宙斯和其他希腊神介绍到亚洲,宗教在帝国扩张中起了重要作用。 【判定题型】:根据问题的提问方式和6选3的作答方式可以确定该题目为概要小结题。 【选项定位及分析】 A选项原文未提到来自哪里的学者去学习the Greek language and culture,故错误。 B选项的elimination of trade barriers对应原文第一段的barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed; C选项原文未提到“被教育哲学所取代”,故错误。 D选项的diffusion of Greek language, literature对应原文第二段的第三句出现; E选项的merging Greek philosophical ideas with the religious spirit of Asia对应原文第六段的最后一句,religious instinct of Asia with the philosophic spirit of Greece spread across the world。 F选项原文未提及亚历山大把宙斯和其他希腊神介绍到亚洲,故错误。 因此正确答案为BDE。

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