题目解析:
【题目翻译】根据第4段,关于第一个文明的兴起,我们还不知道什么?
A:文明的第一步是在哪里发生的
B:在“大人物”死后,谁被允许代替“大人物”
C:为什么有些人被认为是领导者?
D:政府是如何出现的
【判定题型】:根据题干中出现的大写“EXCEPT”/"NOT" 等其他明显表示否定的词,可以判定本题为否定事实信息题,需要找出与原文信息不符的那个答案。
【关键词定位】:根据题干关键词“the first civilizations”,可以将出题范围锁定在Passage 4。4、【选项分析】
定位句:The first clear steps in the rise of the first civilizations took place in the fourth and third millennia B.C. in Mesopotamia, northern Africa, India, and China. 出现地点northern Africa, India and China 对应A选项。
定位句As the communities continue to grow in size and material wealth, the “big men” assume hereditary status, 提到了世袭制, 对应B选项。
定位句By means of their military prowess, dominant personalities, or political talents, these people gradually emerge as the leaders of that community. 对应C选项。
定位句How the first governments took shape in these areas is not certain. 与D选项相违背, 因此D符合要求。