题目解析：
【题目翻译】根据第5段，下列哪些因素导致了十九世纪上半叶的快速城市化？
A：由于收成不好，许多农场遭到破坏。
B：减少优质农田的数量
C：农村的死亡率上升
D：农村缺乏工作
【判定题型】：题目问的是文章中的具体细节信息，故根据题目问法可以判断本题为事实信息题。
【关键词定位】根据关键词“first half of the nineteenth century”,定位到这句话“By 1850, over half of all the people in England lived in cities, a first in human history.”意思是：到1850年，英国超过一半的人口居住在城市，这是人类历史上的第一次。
【逻辑分析】题目问：导致19世纪上半叶，快速城市化进程的原因是什么？根据关键词“first half of the nineteenth century”,定位到这句话“By 1850, over half of all the people in England lived in cities, a first in human history.”而后面紧接着的一句话就给出了原因，“In one sense, this pattern seems inevitable：growing numbers of people pressed available resources on the land, even when farmwork was combined with a bit of manufacturing, so people crowded into cities seeking work or other resources.”这种快速的城市化进程是不可避免的：因为人口变得越来越多了，很多的人压榨一片土地上一切可以利用的资源，显然资源是不够用的，所以人们只能涌入城市寻找工作或其他资源。
【选项分析】
A选项：因为粮食歉收导致很多农场被破坏。这属于无中生有的信息，直接排除。
B选项：高质量的农耕用地的减少。本段中并没有提到农耕用地的减少，只提到“even when farmwork was combined with a bit of manufacturing”，即使农耕与制造业相结合时，乡村的资源还是不能满足人口需求。故B选项未提及，排除。
C选项：乡村人口死亡率的上升。错误，因为文中提到“Traditionally, however, death rates in cities surpassed those in the countryside by a large margin”，这句话说传统意义上，城市的死亡率远远超过了农村，但是人们还是不断涌入农村。所以乡村人口死亡率在当时其实低于城市。故C选项与原文矛盾，排除。
D选项：农村缺乏工作。人们只能涌入城市寻找工作或其他资源。正确。
Europe's population growth included one additional innovation by the nineteenth century: it combined with rapid urbanization. More and more Western Europeans moved from countryside to city, and big cities grew most rapidly of all. By 1850, over half of all the people in England lived in cities, a first in human history. In one sense, this pattern seems inevitable growing numbers of people pressed available resources on the land, even when farmwork was combined with a bit of manufacturing, so people crowded into cities seeking work or other resources. Traditionally, however, death rates in cities surpassed those in the countryside by a large margin; cities had maintained population only through steady in-migration. Thus rapid urbanization should have reduced overall population growth, but by the middle of the nineteenth century this was no longer the case. Urban death rates remained high, particularly in the lower-class slums, but they began to decline rapidly.
