Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
(female professor) Today, I want to talk about sea birds. Now, sea birds hunt and eat fish and, well, their food can be hard to find because their food source is spread out over a large expanse of water. So what sea birds have done is that, over time, they've made adaptations: they've developed special characteristics that help them find food.One adaptation involves the length of the bird's wings. Take albatross, for example, is a large sea bird that spends most of its life flying over ocean waters in search of food, fish to feed itself and to carry back to the nest for its chicks. Now, most birds flap their wings up and down when they fly, which uses up a lot of energy, but the albatross has these special long wings that it can hold perfectly still. It's able to fly without moving its wings up and down. These long wings allow it to glide or float on the wind, and this uses very little energy. This is important because as I said the albatross has to cover huge expanse of ocean to locate food, sometimes up to eleven hundred miles a day. Because of its long wings, it can glide along over the ocean using little energy as it searches for food. Another important adaptation of many sea birds is an acute, highly developed sense of smell. Take the fulmar, like the albatross, the fulmar needs to find foods that scatter far out over the ocean, but the fulmar has a rather unusual advantage: it has tiny tubes inside the nose holes in its beak, and these special tube-shaped nostrils help it to pick up scent of food. Now, this highly-developed sense of smell is especially important because the fulmar ’s main source of food, plankton, are tiny organisms that are hard to see, but they give off a very sharp, distinctive odor, so when fulmars are flying around looking for food, they may not be able to see them, but they can find the plankton by smelling them even from far away.
Using the examples of the albatross and the fulmar, explain two special adaptations that have developed to help sea birds find food.
In order to overcome the difficulties locating food in the vast ocean, some sea birds have developed some adaptations. The first one is the length of the wings. For example, the albatross is a sea bird that flies over the ocean waters looking for fish to feed itself and its kids. It has unusually long wings that can help it glide over the sea, so it can save a lot of energy while traveling a large distance for food. The second one is acute sense of smell. For example, fulmar has special tube in its nostril/nose hole to help it pick up the scent of its food, plankton. The plankton is very tiny so the fulmar cannot see it, but it gives out a special odor that fulmar's nose is sensitive to, and thus when the fulmar recognizes the smell of the plankton, it can locate and eat the plankton easily. (147 words）
