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黑曜石
obsidian
常考释义
Trade in shell, obsidian, and other commodities seems to have been on the rise, and anthropologists suspect that the exchange of perishables (such as skins, foodstuffs) and salt was also on the increase.
贝壳、黑曜石以及其他商品的贸易在不断增长，人类学家们猜测易腐食品的交换（例如兽皮和食物）以及盐的交换也在不断增长。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL52 P2n. 黑曜岩【地质】
Obsidian is a kind of black glass formed when the heat of a volcano melts the silica material in sand.
黑曜石是火山的热将沙子中的二氧化硅材料融化时形成一种黑色的玻璃材料。
Trade in shell, obsidian, and other commodities seems to have been on the rise, and anthropologists suspect that the exchange of perishables (such as skins, foodstuffs) and salt was also on the increase.
贝壳、黑曜石以及其他商品的贸易在不断增长，人类学家们猜测易腐食品的交换（例如兽皮和食物）以及盐的交换也在不断增长。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL52 P2He suggested that the lowland Mayan environment was deficient in many vital resources, among them obsidian, salt, stone for grinding maize, and many luxury materials.
他认为地势低洼的玛雅缺乏很多重要的资源，如黑曜石、盐、磨玉米的石头和许多奢侈品。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL41 P3Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar.
在他们的定居点发现了从远方交易获得的外来物品，例如贝壳、石碗和黑曜石（火山玻璃）制成的古器。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL20 P2Ancient demands for obsidian (a black volcanic rock useful for making mirrors and tools) led to trade with Armenia to the north, while jade for cutting tools was brought from Turkistan, and the precious stone lapis lazuli was imported from Afghanistan.
古代对黑曜石（一种火山岩，可以用来制作镜子和工具）的需求引发了（中东地区）与北方的亚美尼亚之间的贸易；用作切削工具的玉石从土耳其斯坦购买；而稀有贵重的琉璃青金石是从阿富汗地区进口。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL16 P1Among the main factors are Teotihuacán’s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley’s potential for extensive irrigation.
其中最主要的原因就是特奥蒂瓦坎地处联通墨西哥峡谷南部和东部的自然形成的通商线路中，特奥蒂瓦坎峡谷本身拥有的黑曜石资源，还有特奥蒂瓦坎峡谷大面积灌溉的潜能。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian.
像墨西哥和危地马拉高地的其他地区一样，这个峡谷也富含黑曜岩。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán.
关于最近在奥尔达克遗址中发掘的黑曜岩工具的研究表明，奥尔麦克人所得到的部分黑曜石工具源自特奥蒂瓦坎地区。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
在这座伟大的城市崛起之前，特奥蒂瓦坎的黑曜岩一定已经作为极有价值的商品闻名数世纪了。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic good, as well as a relatively prosperous life.
长距离的黑曜岩交易可能就使得特奥蒂瓦坎的精英们有机会得到外来的商品和相对繁荣的生活。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1The picture of Teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism.
那展现出来的特奥蒂瓦坎的生活图景是一种经典的在黑曜岩开采和交易，人口的增长，灌溉的扩张，还有宗教旅游业之间的良性反馈。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets.
比如说，黑曜岩交易的发展将需要更多的矿工，更多的黑曜岩工具的制造商和更多的商人将工具运往新的市场。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL8 P1But you got to remember that it wasn’t just any stone they had, they had obsidian.
但大家注意一点，他们所用的石头并不都是普通的石头，还有黑曜石。
来源于：听力OFFICIAL1 L5And umm... obsidian is a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass.
哦…黑曜石是一种黑色，火山岩质，类似玻璃的石头。
来源于：听力OFFICIAL1 L5The sharpest tools of the entire Stone Age were made of obsidian.
整个石器时代最锋利的工具由黑曜石制成。
来源于：听力OFFICIAL1 L5There tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes and chips in the hearth ashes, but no chimney.
壁炉灰里有大量的黑曜石碎片，对了，没有烟囱。
来源于：听力OFFICIAL1 L5以上图片仅供学习交流使用，版权归原作者所有，如有侵权，请与我方联系
