小站备考
托福
托福听力
Official12听力真题

托福official12听力lecture3 Opera原文解析+翻译音频

展开
Tip:单击查看句义;划选/双击查生词

[00:00.00]Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a music history class. [00:04.28]The professor has been discussing opera.
[00:07.13]MALE PROFESSOR: The word opera means “work.” Actually, it means “works.” [00:12.49]It's the plural of the word “opus” from the Latin. [00:15.99]And in Italian it refers in general to works of art. [00:20.58]“Opera lyrica,” or lyric opera, refers to what we think of as opera, the musical drama. [00:28.00]Opera was commonplace in Italy for almost a thousand years before it became commercial as a venture. [00:35.58]And during those years several things happened primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization.
[00:45.19]Musical drama started in the churches. [00:48.06]It was an educational tool. [00:51.25]It was used primarily as a vehicle for teaching religion and was generally presented in Latin, the language of the Christian church, which had considerable influence in Italy at that time. . . [01:03.37]But the language of everyday life was evolving in Europe, and at a certain point in the Middle Ages, it was really only merchants, aristocrats, and clergy who could deal with Latin. [01:15.13]The, uh, the vast majority of the population used their own regional vernacular in all aspects of their lives.
[01:23.49]And so, in what is now Italy, operas quit being presented in Latin and started being presented in Italian. [01:33.26]And once that happened, the themes of the opera presentations also started to change, [01:40.00]and musical drama moved from the church to the plaza right outside the church. [01:46.32]And the themes, again, the themes changed, [01:50.13]and opera was no longer about teaching religion as it was about satire, and about expressing the ideas of society or government without committing yourself to writing and risking imprisonment or persecution or what have you.
[02:06.12]Opera, as we think of it, is, of course, a resurrected form. [02:11.73]It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater. The term “melodious drama” being shortened eventually to “melodrama” because operas frequently are melodramatic, not to say unrealistic. [02:27.15]And the group that put the first operas together that we have, today even, were... well it was a group of men that included Galileo’s father, Vincenzo. And they met in Florence.
[02:40.76]he and a group of friends of the count of Bardi, and they formed what is called the Camerata dei Bardi. [02:47.47]And they took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissance time. [02:52.88]This…um... this produced some of the operas that we have today.
[02:57.33]Now, what happened in the following centuries is very simple. [03:01.90]Opera originated in Italy but was not confined to Italy any more than Italians were. [03:08.29]And so, as Italians migrated across Europe, they carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form. [03:19.31]What happened is that the major divide in opera that endures today took place.
[03:25.19]The French said opera ought to reflect the rhythm and cadence of dramatic literature, bearing in mind that we are talking about “the Golden Age” in French literature. [03:36.58]And so the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic cadence of language– to the way the rhythm of language was used to express feeling and used to add drama– and of course as a result, instead of arias, or solos which would come to dominate Italian opera, [03:58.62]the French relied on what the Italians called “recitativo” or “recitative” in English, [04:07.56]the lyrics were spoken... frequently to the accompaniment of a harpsichord.
[04:13.61]The French said, “You really can't talk about real people who lived, in opera.”And they relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots. Mythology, the pastoral traditions the... the... novels of chivalry, or the epics of chivalry out of the Middle Ages. [04:32.64]The Italians said, “No, this is a great historical tool, and what better way to educate the public about Nero or Attila, or any number of people than to put them into a play they can see and listen to.”
[04:48.74]The English appropriated opera after the French. [04:52.78]Opera came late to England because all theaters, public theaters were closed, of course, during their Civil War. [05:00.56]And it wasn't until the restoration in 1660 that public theaters again opened and opera took off. [05:07.83]The English made a major adjustment to opera and exported what they had done to opera back to Italy. [05:16.19]So that you have this circle of musical influences. The Italians invented opera. The French adapted it. The English adopted it. The Italians took it back.
[05:30.72]It came to America late and was considered too elitist for the general public, [05:36.64]but Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while. [05:41.89]John J. Chapman wrote about opera, quote, “If an extraterrestrial being were to appear before us and say, ‘What is your society like? [05:52.55]What is this Earth thing all about?’ [05:55.21]you could do worse than take that creature to an opera,” end quote. [06:00.77]Because opera does, after all, begin with a man and a woman and an emotion.

1.What is the lecture mainly about? [Click on 2 answers.]

你的答案:
正确答案:AC
题目解析:
 后才能查看题目解析,还没有账号? 马上注册
And during those years, several things happened, primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization. (A选项) they carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form. 之后讲的事意大利音乐对整个欧洲的影响 (C选项) 全文都是关于歌剧的起源和变迁过程,讲座开头提到歌剧起源于意大利,因 此歌剧在欧洲的传播过程就是意大利在音乐上对欧洲的影响,因此 AC 两项正确。全文只在 讨论歌剧,因此B项错误;早期法国和意大利歌剧灭亡的原因也没在听力材料中被提及,因此D错误。

学习页面

Medi

terr

anean

加强 + 政府 + 名词后缀

加强的政府——管理

原文例句

加入生词

本文生词 0

色块区域是你收藏过的生词;

查询次数越多,颜色越深哦~

显示文中生词

登录后才能收藏生词哦,现在登录注册>

本文重点词 45

文中加粗单词为本文重点词;

根据词频与核心词范围精心挑选,托福考试必掌握词汇。

显示文中重点词
学习本文词汇

文中划选/双击的生词、加粗重点词已收纳至词盒

可随时点击词盒查看哦~

只有在词句精学模式下才能开启词盒功能哦~

我知道了

词盒
收藏
笔记
我的笔记
5000
保存
反馈