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名誉上有污点标志→污名
stigma
常考释义
Small grains may be blown farther but they are also more prone to be whisked past the waiting stigma because smaller particles tend to stay trapped in the fast-moving air that flows around the stigma.
小花粉可能被吹得更远，但它们也更容易拂过花的柱头，因为较小的颗粒会被困在在柱头周围快速流动的空气中。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL45 P2n. [植] 柱头
Small grains may be blown farther but they are also more prone to be whisked past the waiting stigma because smaller particles tend to stay trapped in the fast-moving air that flows around the stigma.
小花粉可能被吹得更远，但它们也更容易拂过花的柱头，因为较小的颗粒会被困在在柱头周围快速流动的空气中。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL45 P2Grasshoppers feeding on flowers indirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or the stigma, which receives the pollen grains and on which the pollen germinates.
因为草蜢吸食花朵，破坏牵牛花的花冠或柱头，而这正是接收花粉粒和花粉生长的地方，所以间接阻断了授粉和制造种子。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL34 P3Most deciduous wind-pollinated trees (which shed their leaves every fall) produce their pollen in the spring while the branches are bare of leaves to reduce the surrounding surfaces that “compete" with the stigmas (the part of the flower that receives the pollen) for pollen.
大多数风媒传粉的落叶植物（每年秋天落叶的植物）在春天产出花粉，这时候树枝光秃秃的，花粉就有更大几率落到柱头（接收花粉的部分）上，落到树的表面上的部分就不会太多。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL45 P2But stigmas create turbulence, which slows the air speed around them and may help pollen stick to them.
但与此同时柱头处也会有动荡，从而降低风速，有助于花粉附着在柱头上。
来源于：阅读OFFICIAL45 P2n. 污名
Those living in the shadow of stigma.
这些人生活在污名的阴影中。
n. 耻辱
One reason for this is the stigma experienced by many men who have sex with men and transgender people.
造成这种情况的一个原因是，许多男男性行为者和变性人遇有耻辱情况。
n. 烙印
n. 特征
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